http://www.physorg.com/news148816545.html1) Technology must largely embody the cause-effect relationship connecting problem to solution.
2) The effects of the technological fix must be assessable using relatively unambiguous or uncontroversial criteria. The benefits of the fix, that is, must be obvious to all.
3) Research and development is most likely to contribute decisively to solving a social problem when it focuses on improving a standardized technical core that already exists.